Changes in milliampere-seconds affect all the following except:

The correct choice indicates that changes in milliampere-seconds (mAs) do not influence spatial resolution.

Milliampere-seconds is a measure of the total amount of radiation produced during an x-ray exposure, which directly affects the quantity of x-ray photons emitted. Increasing mAs boosts the number of x-ray photons generated, leading to increased receptor exposure and higher exposure rates. However, spatial resolution refers to the detail and clarity of the image, which is mainly determined by factors such as the focal spot size, the motion of the subject or equipment, and the imaging system resolution.

Altering mAs does not inherently change these critical factors affecting spatial resolution. Therefore, while mAs adjustments significantly impact the exposure characteristics of the image, they do not necessarily enhance or degrade the spatial resolution of the final x-ray image.