A graphic diagram of signal values representing various absorption properties within the part being imaged is referred to as a:

The correct answer is a histogram. In imaging, a histogram is a graphical representation that illustrates the distribution of signal values corresponding to the various absorption properties within the captured image. Each bar in the histogram indicates the frequency of pixel values, showcasing how many pixels fall within certain ranges of intensity. This information is crucial for understanding the contrast, brightness, and various characteristics of the image, allowing for better image processing and evaluation.

The histogram plays a key role in image analysis, as it helps identify areas of interest, detect anomalies, and adjust image parameters for optimal visualization. Understanding the pixel intensity distribution aids technicians in making informed decisions during the imaging process.

The other options, while relevant in the context of imaging, do not directly describe the concept of the graphical representation of signal values. A processing algorithm refers to the computational methods used to enhance or manipulate images, DICOM pertains to a standard for handling, storing, and transmitting medical imaging information, and a window typically relates to the adjustment of brightness and contrast in an image rather than displaying the distribution of signal values. Hence, the histogram stands out as the correct term for the described concept.