Image Acquisition and Technical Evaluation Practice Test

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• A decrease in kilovoltage and an increase in milliampere-seconds will:
• When using a higher mA setting, what must be adjusted to maintain the same receptor exposure?
• Types of shape distortion in radiographic images include which of the following?
• What is the significance of using a grid in radiographic imaging?
• If an x-ray image lacks sufficient receptor exposure, an increase in _____ is required?
• If the original exposure setting is 400 mA at 70 ms, which setting would maintain the receptor exposure if the mA is increased to 500 mA and kV to 90?
• Which method is most effective in minimizing motion unsharpness during imaging?
• What happens to image contrast if the x-ray beam is consistently too low in kilovoltage?
• When aiming to double the receptor exposure in radiography, what should be done with mAs?
• If 85 kVp, 400 mA, and ⅛ s are used for an exposure with single-phase equipment, what new mA value is needed for a similar receptor exposure using three-phase, 12-pulse equipment?
• What principle states that different combinations of milliamperage and exposure time can result in the same receptor exposure?
• What effect does increasing kilovoltage have on the overall quality of the x-ray beam?
• With an increase in kVp, what happens to the quality of the x-ray beam?
• If a change from an 8:1 grid to a 12:1 grid is made, what should the new mAs be if the original exposure used 12 mAs?
• What effect does a larger focal spot size have on spatial resolution?
• Which change will not cut the receptor exposure in half when using 300 mA, 40 ms exposure, and 85 kV?
• Which of the following pathologic conditions are considered additive conditions?
• In digital imaging, as the size of the image matrix increases?
• When changing exposure factors from single-phase to three-phase equipment, how much of the original milliampere-seconds is typically required to maintain receptor exposure?
• What is the primary effect of increasing kilovoltage in radiographic imaging?
• Which of the following correctly describes the impact of distance on x-ray exposure?
• Which group of exposure factors is most effective for controlling involuntary motion during radiography?
• Which of the following describes the process where x-ray photons lose energy as they travel through matter?
• When using a higher grid ratio, how will it affect the required exposure time for maintaining original receptor exposure?
• What mA is required to achieve 15 mAs if an exposure time of 0.05 seconds is selected?
• What combination of exposure factors would most likely produce the shortest-scale contrast?
• How does increasing kilovoltage affect image contrast?
• What can insufficient receptor exposure in a radiograph be attributed to?
• The ratio of the height of the lead strips to the width between them is known as what?
• What does attenuation refer to in imaging?
• What is the impact of patient motion during a radiographic exposure?
• Which term refers to the misrepresentation of actual size or shape of an object being imaged?
• How does an increase in photon energy from kilovoltage affect a radiographic image?
• Which factors lead to doubling the receptor exposure when increased by 15%?
• What is the pixel size of a 1024 × 1024 matrix with a 35-cm field of view (FOV)?
• Which aspect of x-ray production increases as the kilovoltage is increased?
• What occurs when the object-to-image distance increases?
• In which examination should 70 kV not be exceeded?
• Changes in milliampere-seconds affect all the following except:
• What impact does a larger irradiated field have on the production of scattered radiation?
• If a 12:1 grid is added to a setup that previously used 3 mAs, what is the new required mAs?
• What group of exposure factors would be most appropriate for a sthenic adult undergoing IVU?
• Which imaging technique uses a photostimulable phosphor as the image receptor?
• What is the new exposure time when switching to 86 kV and 500 mA, given a previous setting of 300 mA at 0.1 seconds?
• When using a 48-inch SID, how much OID is needed to achieve two times magnification?
• What mAs value results from exposure factors of 300 mA, 0.017 second, and 72 kVp?
• What happens when the kilovoltage applied to the x-ray tube is increased?
• What effect does using low kilovoltage have on patient dose?
• If an object of 3 inches is placed 4 inches from the image recorder and the SID is 36 inches, what will be the image width?
• In terms of reducing scatter radiation, which placement is generally more effective?
• What type of distortion is caused by misalignment of the tube, part, and IR?
• Scattered radiation fog can be reduced through which of the following methods?
• Which configuration is most effective for achieving high-quality resolution in a radiographic image?
• If the exposure factors for an x-ray of the lumbar spine are changed to 200 mA, 0.5 second, and 104 kV, what will be the main change observed?
• When using a grid, what happens to the required mAs as the grid ratio increases?
• Which of the following statements about the reciprocity law is true?
• High-ratio focused grids compared to lower-ratio grids are more effective because:
• Which combination of exposure factors is likely to produce the shortest scale of contrast?
• What is the primary purpose of a compensating filter in radiography?
• If a radiograph exposed using a 12:1 ratio grid exhibits a loss of receptor exposure at its lateral edges, it is probably because the?
• Which factor will produce the least receptor exposure?
• Which tissue type has the highest attenuation coefficient?
• What happens to spatial resolution if the focal spot size is increased?
• What matrix size is likely to provide the best image resolution?
• What type of receptor exposure is related to the concept of milliampere-seconds (mAs)?
• Grid cutoff due to off-centering results in what?
• In mammography, why is a cassette front with low absorption properties particularly important?
• What is the likely outcome if the outer photocells are selected incorrectly during a lateral chest projection on an asthenic patient?
• Which methods reduce the amount of scattered radiation reaching the imaging receptor?
• What focal-spot size should be used for magnification radiography?
• What law states that a particular milliampere-seconds value will reproduce the same receptor exposure regardless of the combination used?
• If a 6-inch object-to-image distance (OID) is introduced, how much must the SID be increased to reduce magnification distortion?
• What does the line-focus principle illustrate in radiography?
• In which circumstance does a radiographer have greater latitude?
• What happens to the quantity of scattered radiation when the size of the radiographic field is limited?
• What is the primary factor influencing size distortion in imaging?
• What is one of the functions of automatic beam limitation devices?
• What happens to exposure if the distance to the image receptor is decreased while maintaining mAs?
• Which of the following changes will not reduce the receptor exposure by one-half when starting with 24 mAs?
• In which circumstance is a grid generally employed when radiographing?
• Which methods can effectively decrease differential absorption during imaging?
• If the kilovoltage is changed from 60 kV to 70 kV, what new milliampere-seconds value is needed to maintain receptor exposure originally set at 8 mAs?
• The effective focal spot decreasing indicates what improvement?
• Geometric unsharpness is least noticeable in which scenario?
• What is the impact of close collimation on scattered radiation in radiography?
• How does an increase in grid ratio affect the amount of scatter radiation reaching the image receptor?
• Which of the following factors can affect radiographic contrast?
• Which factor is most significant in determining the quality of a radiographic image?
• What is the primary function of filtration in radiography?
• What is the primary effect of increasing kilovoltage on the x-ray beam?
• What is the purpose of using a grid in radiography?
• Which adult radiographic examination typically requires the use of a grid?
• What factor directly influences geometric unsharpness in radiography?
• Which of the following examinations is least likely to require the use of a grid for an adult patient?
• To produce 18 mAs at 300 mA, what exposure time should be selected?
• As the grid ratio decreases, what happens to the scale of contrast in radiographic images?
• If a grid with an 8:1 ratio is added to an exposure of 90 kVp and 4 mAs, what will the new mAs be?
• Which device is used for compensating uneven thickness in radiography?
• What type of contrast does lower kilovoltage produce in an AP abdomen?
• Which adjustment is NOT related to controlling distortion in imaging?
• The concept of effective focal spot refers to what?
• Given a radiograph using a 36-in. SID and 12 mAs, what should the new milliampere-seconds value be at a 42-in. distance using a 5:1 grid?
• What is the impact of increasing the OID on spatial resolution?
• Which of the following units is used to express resolution in imaging?
• Which of the following factors should not be used to limit scattered radiation production?
• Which of the following describes the relationship between kilovoltage and photon energy?
• What might excessive scatter radiation cause when using AEC?
• What is a common result of increasing kilovoltage in a radiographic exam?
• If the SID is decreased and an 8:1 grid is added, what would be the expected change in mAs?
• Which factors contribute to overall image contrast?
• Which of the following is directly related to photon energy?
• Which of the following characteristics apply to a 5:1 grid?
• In radiographic imaging, increasing the kilovoltage is likely to result in:
• How can spatial resolution be improved in imaging?
• Which condition typically requires an increase in x-ray photon energy for adequate penetration?
• What relationship exists between grid ratio and scattered radiation absorption?
• What should be the new exposure time if a radiograph is repeated using 86 kV and 400 mA?
• Which method can be used to reduce the effect of scattered radiation on a radiographic image?
• Which factors are associated with subject contrast in radiography?
• What exposure time is required to achieve 6 mAs if 300 mA is selected for a certain exposure?
• When using a grid, how does patient exposure change?
• Why is lower kV not suitable for barium studies?
• Which method is most effective for reducing patient motion during exposure?
• If a duration of 0.05 second is selected to achieve 30 mAs, what milliamperage is required?
• During which scenario would the photoelectric effect primarily contribute to radiographic contrast?
• Why might a radiograph exposed with a 12:1 ratio grid exhibit a loss of receptor exposure at its lateral edges?
• How does decreasing the object-to-image-receptor distance (OID) affect an image?
• How does the photoelectric effect contribute to contrast in radiographic imaging?
• What method can be used to prevent excessive receptor exposure when primary radiation strikes the tabletop?
• What should a technique chart contain for each AEC x-ray unit?
• What type of material is often used for cassette front in mammography?
• Which exposure factors will produce the greatest receptor exposure?
• What effect does increasing kilovoltage have on radiographic contrast?
• Which of the following factors contributes to the overall quality of a radiographic image?
• Which combination of exposure factors will result in the greatest receptor exposure?
• What is the effect of a high signal-to-noise ratio on image quality?
• Which of the following analog exposure factors is likely to produce the shortest scale of image contrast?
• What is the term for the relationship between the height of a grid's lead strips and the distance between them?
• Calculate the milliroentgens per milliampere-seconds if 400 mA and 12 ms yield an output exposure of 150 mR.
• Which effect does increasing kV primarily have on an x-ray beam?
• Low-kilovoltage exposure factors are usually indicated for which type of radiographic examinations?
• Using the shortest exposure time is essential for reducing which type of unsharpness?
• Which factor affects image magnification during radiographic examinations?
• How is pixel size calculated in digital imaging?
• Which factor has no effect on the exposure rate of the primary beam?
• What is the milliampere-seconds value produced by the exposure factors of 400 mA, 17 ms, and 82 kV?
• Radiographic distortion may result from:
• Which pathologic condition requires an increase in exposure factors?
• What is the best method for controlling voluntary motion in imaging?
• Foreshortening of an anatomic structure results in:
• Which of the following factors affects radiographic contrast during imaging?
• Radiographic contrast is the result of?
• For an abdominal exposure with single-phase equipment using 92 kV and 12 mAs, how much mAs is required for a similar exposure with three-phase, six-pulse equipment?
• What happens to pixel size as the digital image matrix size increases?
• Shape distortion is influenced by the relationship between which elements?
• What is the projected image width of a part 6 inches wide at an SID of 44 inches and 9 inches from the IR?
• What is essential for achieving fine spatial resolution in magnification radiography?
• Which has a greater conversion efficiency, rare earth phosphors or traditional phosphors?
• Which pathologic condition requires a decrease in exposure factors?
• Which of the following factors will contribute to longer-scale radiographic contrast?
• What is the primary effect of using a grid in radiography?
• If a body part is improperly angled during a radiographic exam, what is a likely result?
• In comparison with 60 kV, what does 80 kV produce?
• What effect does compression of breast tissue during mammography have on image quality?
• What principle explains the variation of x-ray intensity across the primary beam?
• What is the proper calculation method for determining milliampere-seconds from mA and exposure time?
• A decrease in kilovoltage and an increase in milliampere-seconds together will result in:
• What is the actual width of a kidney imaged with an OID of 18 cm, where the projected width is 9 cm at a SID of 105 cm?
• Which technical factor combination produces the greatest receptor exposure?
• In what situation might central ray angulation be necessary?
• An increase in the kilovoltage applied to the x-ray tube increases the?
• In a PA projection of the chest for cardiac evaluation, the heart measures 15.2 cm. If the magnification factor is 1.3, what is the actual diameter of the heart?
• A positive contrast agent is defined as one that:
• Which examination might require the use of 70 kV?
• What is the actual width of a kidney if its shadow measures 9 cm with an OID of 18 cm at a 105-cm SID?
• How does an increase in SID affect exposure rate according to x-ray principles?
• What is the relationship between kilovoltage and subject contrast?
• Which statement about single-phase and three-phase examinations is incorrect?
• What does the term differential absorption relate to in radiography?
• In magnification fluoroscopy, which input phosphor field size delivers the lowest patient dose?
• An incorrect relationship between the primary beam and the center of a focused grid can lead to which of the following issues?
• Which exposure factor is most likely to increase image density without altering subject contrast?
• How does the introduction of a grid typically affect radiation dose?
• Increased kilovoltage improves which aspect of radiography?
• Which type of grid error results in decreased receptor exposure at the periphery of an image?
• What impact does scattered radiation have on a radiographic image?
• Which term is used to express spatial resolution in imaging?
• Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between kilovoltage and x-ray photon energy?
• What factor should be prioritized to minimize scattered radiation in radiography?
• When increasing the distance from 40 in. to 72 in. in a lateral cervical spine radiograph, what should be the new milliampere (mA) setting for a similar receptor exposure?
• If a radiograph were made of an average-size knee using automatic exposure control (AEC) and all three photocells were selected, the resulting radiograph would demonstrate?
• Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to resolution in imaging?
• What new exposure time is required when changing from a 38-in. SID to a 42-in. SID while keeping other factors constant?
• Spatial resolution is directly related to which of the following factors?
• What primarily causes unsharpness in radiographic images due to patient movement?
• What effect does collimation have during radiographic procedures?
• What factor does not contribute to underexposure of a radiograph?
• Grid cutoff occurs when:
• What phenomenon occurs when a steep target angle is utilized?
• The primary function of filtration in radiographic imaging is to reduce:
• Which imaging factor primarily impacts patient dose?
• An increase in kilovoltage in analog imaging is likely to produce what effect?
• Which combination would likely lead to the highest amount of scattered radiation reaching the receptor?
• Foreshortening in radiography can be caused by:
• Optimum contrast in film-based radiographs is achieved by:
• Which of the following factors is NOT related to grid efficiency?
• Which factors influence geometric unsharpness in imaging?
• What term describes exposure values arising from excessive kilovoltage or insufficient collimation?
• In which scenario would it be critical to have accurate positioning to avoid grid cutoff?
• What effect does increasing kilovoltage have on radiographic contrast?
• What is a disadvantage of using low-kilovoltage technical factors?
• Which type of x-ray photon is primarily used in mammography techniques?
• What is the primary effect of increasing kilovoltage on the exposure rate?
• When using an 8:1 grid compared to no grid, what adjustment in milliampere-seconds is generally required?
• What is the purpose of central ray angulation in radiography?
• Which technical change is best for addressing dissimilar tissue densities in radiography?
• What happens to pixel size when the matrix size increases in digital imaging?
• When calculating new milliampere-seconds after increasing SID, which relationship is used?
• Which exposure factor combination is most likely to lead to quantum mottle?
• Which factor most significantly affects receptor exposure?
• What is the relationship between milliampere-seconds (mAs) and receptor exposure?
• Doubling the milliamperage will increase receptor exposure by how much if exposure time is halved?
• What are the characteristics of a 16:1 grid?
• If lead strips are 4.0 mm high and 0.25 mm apart, what is the grid ratio?
• Which of the following factors affect spatial resolution in imaging?
• What factors impact spatial resolution in radiography?
• What device is used to measure the thickness of body parts for exposure factor selection?
• A radiograph produced using 6 mAs and 110 kVp needs to be repeated using a 16:1 ratio grid. What should the new mAs be?
• X-ray photon energy is inversely related to which of the following?
• What is the effect of excessive kilovoltage on scatter radiation?
• What is one purpose of using a grid in radiographic imaging?
• Which principle helps maintain spatial resolution in radiographic images?
• If a radiograph was produced using 12 mAs and 85 kV with a 16:1 ratio grid, what should the new mAs value be when using an 8:1 ratio grid?
• Which of the following units is used to express the resolution of a diagnostic image?
• Which factors can affect the appearance of a histogram in radiography?
• What is an effective way to control the production of scattered radiation?
• When kilovoltage is increased with appropriate compensation of milliampere-seconds, what is the result?
• What is the outcome of using high kilovoltage with a low-ratio grid in terms of image contrast?
• Which of the following methods is considered most effective in reducing the production of scattered radiation?
• What happens when field size is decreased from 14 x 17 to 8 x 10 inches?
• How does the source-to-image distance (SID) impact exposure rate and receptor exposure in radiography?
• Spatial resolution is inversely related to which factor?
• Typical examples of digital imaging include?
• What is one method to limit the production of scattered radiation during radiographic procedures?
• To compensate for halving exposure time due to involuntary motion, the kilovoltage should ideally be increased by how much?
• Which of the following is essential in magnification radiography?
• Which term describes the increase in the size of the image compared to the actual object?
• What component of a Computed Radiography (CR) image plate (IP) is responsible for recording the radiologic image?
• What type of material is used for cassette-front to avoid attenuating the remnant beam?
• For an analog x-ray image using 300 mA, 0.07 second, and 95 kVp, what exposure time is needed to achieve similar receptor exposure with 500 mA and 80 kVp?
• Which methods are effective for minimizing motion unsharpness in radiographic imaging?
• Which of the following phosphors is classified as a rare earth phosphor?
• What should the milliampere-seconds value be if the distance is changed to 40 in. and a 12:1 ratio grid is added?
• How does patient thickness affect x-ray attenuation?
• What is the new milliampere-seconds value if changing from a 6:1 grid to a 12:1 grid, given the original exposure was 6 mAs?
• Which factor is most crucial for minimizing the production of scattered radiation during an x-ray procedure?
• Which factor primarily determines receptor exposure in radiographic imaging?
• What phenomenon is responsible for receptor exposure variation between opposite ends of the imaging receptor when using a 30-in. SID?
• To minimize motion unsharpness, which of the following methods is considered acceptable?
• What is the consequence of enlarging a collimated field from 4 inches to 14 inches?
• What should be emphasized to avoid motion artifacts in radiography?
• What occurs to spatial resolution as the source to image distance (SID) increases?
• What is a likely effect of using improper grid placement during an x-ray procedure?
• Which exposure factors would best eliminate prominent pulmonary vascular markings in the RAO position of the sternum?
• What is the effect of decreasing the radiographic field size from 14 × 17 in. to 8 × 10 in.?
• What is the pixel size for a 2048 x 2048 matrix with an 80-cm FOV?
• What technical factor primarily affects the scale of contrast in a radiograph?
• Focusing distance is most closely associated with which imaging component?
• How is SID related to exposure rate and receptor exposure?
• What is the main reason for using a very short exposure time in chest radiography?
• Which of the following conditions results in grid cutoff and potentially less receptor exposure on a radiograph?
• Using a short SID with a large IR is likely to increase which phenomenon?
• What is the consequence of using a lower kilovoltage on receptor exposure?
• How does introducing a 6-in. OID affect image contrast?
• Which factors contribute to the radiographic contrast of an analog x-ray image?
• What term describes the unsharp edges of tiny details on a radiographic image?
• What does NOT influence the attenuation of x-ray photons?
• To maintain original receptor exposure when increasing SID from 40 inches to 48 inches and changing grid ratio from 12:1 to 8:1, what should the new mAs be?
• A decrease from 90 to 77 kVp results in which of the following changes?
• What effect does a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) have on image resolution?
• Which statement best describes differential absorption?
• If an exposure of 82 kVp, 300 mA, and 0.05 sec were made with 3-phase equipment, what would be the required mAs using single-phase equipment to achieve a similar exposure?
• What is the primary ethical commitment regarding radiation in medical imaging?
• Which method can reduce the quantity of scattered radiation reaching the image receptor (IR)?
• What could lead to insufficient receptor exposure in an x-ray image?
• Which exposure parameter adjustment is most critical for maintaining receptor exposure at different distance settings?
• A 5-in. object to be radiographed at a 44-in. SID lies 6 in. from the IR. What will be the image width?
• What should be the new milliampere-seconds value if an 8:1 grid is added to a nongrid exposure of 80 kVp and 8 mAs?
• Which term describes the amount of information lost between the object and the image receptor?
• What adjustment should be made to correct for magnification caused by the air-gap technique?
• Exposure rate decreases with an increase in which factor?
• If 92 kV and 12 mAs are used for an abdominal exposure with single-phase equipment, what mAs would be required to produce a similar radiograph with three-phase, six-pulse equipment?
• What effect does increasing OID have on image contrast?
• What is the relation between kilovoltage and the production of scattered radiation?
• Which of the following can cause distortion in radiographic images?
• Which characteristic is NOT improved by compression in mammographic imaging?
• If a patient has a thicker body part being imaged, what adjustment is generally necessary?
• What is the best way to reduce magnification distortion in radiographic imaging?
• Which of the following factors influences the scale of radiographic contrast the most?
• Which materials are classified as rare earth phosphors?
• What does a grid primarily help to reduce in radiographic imaging?
• To minimize magnification distortion when a short OID cannot be achieved, which adjustment should be made?
• In the context of radiographic imaging, what is OID primarily associated with?
• How does increasing the SID influence spatial resolution?
• According to the line-focus principle, what does a smaller anode angle primarily provide?
• In amorphous selenium flat-panel detectors, what does the term amorphous imply?
• When repeating an analog x-ray exposure from a 14 x 17 in. field to a 4 x 4 in. field, what will the second image demonstrate?
• In an x-ray tube, what is the direction of electron travel?
• Spatial resolution is directly related to which of the following factors?
• Which of the following is most likely to result from the introduction of a grid to a particular radiographic examination?
• Which of the following is NOT related to spatial resolution?
• How does the use of three-phase, 12-pulse equipment compare to single-phase equipment in terms of mAs needed for the same radiograph?
• To produce a just perceptible increase in receptor exposure, the radiographer should increase the?
• When moving from a 300 mA to a higher mA setting, what should also be adjusted to maintain appropriate exposure?
• A graphic diagram of signal values representing various absorption properties within the part being imaged is referred to as a:
• What term describes the reduction in x-ray photon intensity as the photon travels through material?
• How does a high-ratio grid compare to a low-ratio grid in terms of scattered radiation absorption?
• Which of the following factors affects both the quantity and quality of the primary beam?
• What is the impact of increased OID on magnification?
• Which disadvantage is associated with using moving grids compared to stationary grids?