Radiographic distortion may result from:

Radiographic distortion refers to the alteration in the size or shape of an image when it is captured on a radiographic film or digital detector. Each of the factors presented plays a role in contributing to this distortion.

Improper source-to-image distance (SID) can lead to changes in magnification and, therefore, distortion. When the SID is not optimal, objects may appear larger or smaller than their actual size, affecting the accuracy of the radiographic image.

Large object-to-image distance (OID) also impacts distortion. When the OID is greater, objects may become magnified due to the increased distance from the image receptor. This can lead to a less accurate representation of the anatomy being imaged.

Object angulation further contributes to distortion because when an object is not parallel to the plane of the image receptor, the resulting projection can change its apparent shape. This angulation can create foreshortening or elongation of the image, leading to inaccuracies.

Since all these factors separately contribute to the potential for distortion, the answer that encompasses all these influences is the most comprehensive one. Therefore, recognizing that improper SID, large OID, and object angulation can all cause radiographic distortion underscores the importance of proper technique in imaging to ensure accurate representation of